Lexus-LFA

Lexus-LFA

The Lexus LFA is a two-seat supercar from Lexus. It is the second model in the F marque line of performance vehicles from Lexus, following the IS F. Three concept versions have been shown, each debuting at the North American International Auto Show with the LF-A designation as part of the LF Series concept line. After beginning development in the early 2000s (codenamed P280), the first LF-A concept premiered in 2005, followed in 2007 by a second LF-A with a more completely furnished interior and exterior. The third version of the LF-A, a roadster model, premiered in 2008. The production model, trademarked LFA,was shown at the Tokyo Motor Show in October 2009.
The production Lexus LFA features a new V10 engine and a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) body. CFRP materials account for 65 percent of the LFA's body composition by mass. The LFA went into production in late 2010, with a base price of US$375,000. A circuit-tuned variant debuted in 2012 with a base price of US$445,000, making it one of the most expensive Japanese road car ever built.Production ended in December 2012 with 500 vehicles completed, the final version being a Nürburgring Package model.

 exus began taking orders for the LFA supercar on October 23, 2009. Buyers were selectively chosen by Lexus in the second quarter of 2010.^[40] Production began in December 2010 as a 2011 model. Only 500 total LFA models were scheduled to be made worldwide, with only 20 produced each month. Each car had to be custom ordered to the customer's specifications, and cost approximately US$375,000, depending on options and customization. Following the LFA's release at the Tokyo Motor Show, Lexus unveiled a website with a 'LFA configurator' which allowed users to select exterior and interior colors, brake caliper colors, seats, steering wheel leather, and other interior designs. In total, there were over 30 billion possible configurations. Each LFA was hand-built by a dedicated production team of engineers and specialists at Toyota's Motomatchi plant in Aichi, Japan.

Production LFAs, lined up in Yokohama

In the North American market 150 LFAs were initially sold through a two-year lease program much like the Ferrari F50. This was to prevent owners from reselling the vehicle for a profit. Racing driver Scott Pruett was hired to give test drives to interested buyers, demonstrating the vehicle's capabilities at Auto Club Speedway. The Lexus division of Toyota Motor USA stopped taking orders at the end of 2009, at which time they planned to open discussions about a purchase plan for the lessees. Lexus later changed their stance and allowed outright purchase, but only on the condition that they sign an agreement giving the dealer first right of refusal to buy back the LFA if the owner wanted to sell it within the first two years. The dealer would have the option to buy back the used LFA for either fair market value or the original sticker price, whichever is lower. In the European market buyers order their LFA through a single Lexus dealer located in Park Lane, London where it is purchased outright.

Engine

LFA 1LR-GUE V10 display model

The Lexus LFA is powered by a 72-degree bank angle 4.8-liter V10 engine equipped with dual VVT-i carrying the 1LR-GUE designation with a maximum output of 412 kW (560 PS) delivered at 8,700 rpm. Its maximum torque output of 480 N·m (354 lb·ft) arrives at 6,800 rpm, 90 percent of which is available from 3,700 rpm. The engine redlines at 9,000 rpm, but with a fuel cutoff set at 9,500 rpm, and is constructed using forged aluminum pistons, forged titanium connecting rods, and solid titanium valves. The V angle of the LFA's V-10 engine is set to 72-degrees (as opposed to the 90-degree V angle present in a Dodge Viper's V-10) to fully balance the firing force from the pistons. This 72-degree angle allows for even firing from the pistons without the use of a split-journal crankshaft, thus improving engine efficiency as well as lowering overall weight. Dry sump lubrication prevents engine oil starvation through high speed corners and lowers the engine's center of mass. Air is fed directly from beneath the hood through a visible slit passing into a dual stage variable intake manifold and then into ten individual throttle bodies before finally exiting from a dual stage titanium muffler.

Exterior

The production Lexus LFA has an overall length of 4,510 millimetres (177.4 in), while its wheelbase measures 2,610 millimetres (102.6 in), with a height of 48 inches (1,200 mm) and width of 74.6 in (1,895 mm). Compared to the prior 2007–2008 concepts, the production model is nearly 51 millimetres (2 in) longer, with identical width, height, and nearly same wheelbase dimensions. The exterior design of the LF-A concepts and the final production model was the work of car stylists led by Lexus Design general manager Kengo Matsumoto. The overall design ethos was based on the principle of form follows function, with aesthetics secondary to aerodynamics and operation.

Overhead view of the Lexus LFA with carbon fiber roof

The LFA body features sharp edges and cutoffs for improved aerodynamic performance, made possible by the carbon fiber body. The body was designed with an emphasis on downforce. There are air scoops located over the rear fenders which feed the aft-mounted radiators and help cool the brakes. A horizontal hood gap also feeds air to the engine. Two small aft vents expel air that is collected by an underbody air scoop and used to cool the titanium exhaust pipes. Dual hood ducts serve to move hot air away from the exhaust manifold.
The LFA's speed-sensitive rear wing incorporates a Gurney flap and deploys at speeds over 50 mph.With the wing retracted the LFA's body has a drag coefficient of C_d 0.31. The LFA body is offered with a choice of 28 standard exterior colors, along with 3 wheel colors and a matte black option. Additional "special colors" are available to order. The front and rear fenders, doors, roof rails, and rocker panels are made out of blast fiber reinforced sheet panels, while the tail lamps are light-emitting diode (LED) lights.

Nürburgring Package

Chassis of the Nürburgring Edition LFA at the 2011 Tokyo Motor Show, with its V10 producing an added 7 kW (10 bhp)

On March 15, 2010, Lexus detailed the circuit-tuned variant of the LFA, plans for which were first disclosed at the LFA official press launch the previous October.The variant is officially known as the LFA Nürburgring Package in reference to the similar setup employed on the LFA race vehicles at the 24 Hours Nürburgring.
The package features an extra 10 bhp (7 kW) from its V10 engine, bringing the total to 563 bhp (420 kW; 571 PS). It also features a re-calibrated transmission with gear shifts made faster by 0.05 seconds, a front splitter, stiffer and more adjustable suspension, lightweight alloy wheels coated in track rubber, aerodynamic canards at the sides of the front bumper, and a large fixed rear wing.
The LFA with the Nürburgring Package is a competition-focused variant, and will be available in four exterior colors, namely glossy black, matte black, orange, and whitest white. The production totals are to be included in the 500-unit total LFA planned build cycle, and will be limited to a 50-unit run. At a base price of US$445,000, buyers will receive training sessions at the Nordschleife, accompanied by Nürburgring chief instructors, a one-night stay at the Lindner Congress and Motorsport Hotel Nürburgring, admission to the ring°werk leisure park, a Nürburgring branded jacket, and a one-year pass to the circuit.

Land_Rover-Discovery

Land_Rover-Discovery

Land Rover is a British car manufacturer with its headquarters in Gaydon, Warwickshire, United Kingdom which specialises in four-wheel-drive vehicles.
It is part of the Jaguar Land Rover group, a subsidiary of Indian Tata Motors since 2008.
It is the second oldest four-wheel-drive car brand in the world (after Jeep).
The Land Rover name was originally used by the Rover Company for one specific vehicle model, named simply the Land Rover, launched by Rover in 1948. Over the following years it developed into a marque encompassing a range of four-wheel-drive models, including the Defender, Discovery, Freelander, Range Rover, Range Rover Sport and Range Rover Evoque. Land Rovers are currently assembled in the company's Halewood and Solihull plants, with research and development taking place at JLR's Gaydon and Whitley engineering centres. Land Rover sold 194,000 vehicles worldwide in 2009.

The design for the original Land Rover vehicle was started in 1947 by Maurice Wilks, chief designer at the Rover Company, on his farm in Newborough, Anglesey. It is said that he was inspired by an American World War II Jeep that he used one summer at his holiday home in Wales. The first Land Rover prototype, later nicknamed 'Centre Steer', was built on a Jeep chassis and axles.
The early choice of colour was dictated by military surplus supplies of aircraft cockpit paint, so early vehicles only came in various shades of light green; all models until recently feature sturdy box section ladder-frame chassis.
The early vehicles, such as the Series I, were field-tested at Long Bennington and designed to be field-serviced; advertisements for Rovers cite vehicles driven thousands of miles on banana oil. Now with more complex service requirements this is less of an option. The British Army maintains the use of the mechanically simple 2.5-litre four-cylinder 300TDi-engined versions rather than the electronically controlled 2.5-litre five-cylinder TD5 to retain some servicing simplicity. This engine also continued in use in some export markets using units built at a Ford plant in Brazil, where Land Rovers were built under licence and the engine was also used in Ford pick-up trucks built locally. Production of the TDi engine ended in the United Kingdom in 2006, meaning that Land Rover no longer offers it as an option. International Motors of Brazil offer an engine called the 2.8 TGV Power Torque, which is essentially a 2.8-litre version of the 300TDi, with a corresponding increase in power and torque.
During its ownership by Ford, Land Rover was once again associated with Jaguar – the first time the two companies had been under the same ownership since the British Leyland era. In many countries they shared a common sales and distribution network (including shared dealerships), and some models shared components and production facilities.

Discovery I

The Discovery was introduced into the United Kingdom in 1989. The company code-named the vehicle "Project Jay". The new model was based on the chassis and drivetrain of the more upmarket Range Rover, but with a lower price aimed at a larger market segment and intended to compete with Japanese offerings. This was the only Discovery generation with four-cylinder engines.
The Discovery was initially available only as a three-door version and the five-door became available the following year. Both were fitted with five seats, with the option to have two further seats fitted in the boot. Land Rover employed an external consultancy, Conran Design Group, to design the interior. The brief was to ignore current car interior design and position the vehicle as a 'lifestyle accessory'. The interior incorporated a number of original features, although some ideas shown on the original interior mock-ups constructed inside a Range Rover bodyshell at Conran's workshops were left on the shelf, such as a custom sunglasses holder built into the centre of the steering wheel. The design was unveiled to critical acclaim, and won a British Design Award in 1989. The features that were retained included the majority of the interior being constructed from 'Sonar Blue' plastic (with blue cloth trim), map/magazine holding slots above the windscreen, hand-holds for rear passengers being incorporated into the head restraints of the front seats, remote radio controls on the instrument cluster, twin removable sunroof panels (including a special zip-up storage bag behind the rear seats) and the inclusion of a Land Rover-branded cloth fabric holdall in the front centre console for oddments storage that could be removed from the vehicle and worn as a 'handbag' using a supplied shoulder strap (relatively few of these bags have survived, making them collectable items). Despite such features the interior's basic structure was the same as the Range Rover and virtually all the switchgear and instruments came from other Rover Group cars such as the Maestro and Montego. Similarly on the exterior, as well as the necessary Range Rover panels, the Discovery used headlights from the Freight Rover van and taillights from the Maestro van. The latter would continue to bear the Austin Rover 'chevron' logo on their lenses until production of the first generation Discovery ended in 1998, ten years after Austin Rover ceased to exist.

Discovery I

The Series II Discovery debuted in autumn 1998 and in the US in 1999. Land Rover promoted that the Discovery Series II had been modified with 720 'differences'. The interior and exterior was re-worked to be less utilitarian, but it was still similar to the Series I. Every body panel was new except the rear door outer skin. The rear body was extended to improve load space but at the expense of added rear overhang, which adversely impacted off-road ability. Changes to the diesel engined models saw the 2,495 cc Td5 (in-line direct-injected straight-five engine introduced, in line with the updated Defender models. This electronically managed engine was smoother, producing more usable torque at lower revs than its 300 Tdi predecessor. The Td5 engine is often mistakenly attributed to BMW but the engine was derived from the Rover L-series passenger car engine and developed by Land Rover. The 3,948 cc V8 petrol version from the Disco 1 was replaced with the Range Rover P38 Thor 4.0-litre Rover-derived V8. There was no actual increase in capacity over the previous 3.9-litre engine. Although the basic design of the engine was similar it was actually quite different internally. It used a different crankshaft, had larger bearing journals with cross bolted caps and different con rods and pistons. The blocks were machined differently to accept extra sensors for the Gems and Bosch (thor) injection system and to allow the extra stroke of the 4.6 crankshaft. For the 2003 and 2004 model year Discovery II they changed to the 4.6-litre V8 (though the 4.0 continued as the only V8 option offered in the UK). ACE (Active Cornering Enhancement, an electronically controlled hydraulic anti-roll bar system) was fitted to some versions, which reduced cornering roll. Self-levelling air springs were fitted to some models and European type-approval for seven-seat vehicles was only given for air-sprung cars.

Discovery 3 / LR3

On 2 April 2004, Land Rover introduced the Discovery 3, marketed as the LR3 in North America. It retained the key features of the Discovery, such as the stepped roofline and steeply-raked windscreen. The LR3 name was chosen for North American markets due to negative quality associations with the Discovery name and (according to Land Rover) a preference in the American market for alpha-numeric model designations – the second generation Freelander was also re-designated for the North American market as the LR2.
Land Rover developed a body construction method, marketed as Integrated Body Frame (IBF), where the engine bay and passenger compartment is built as a monocoque, then mated to a basic ladder-frame chassis for the gearbox and suspension. Land Rover claims IBF combines the virtues of monocoque and ladder-frame – though it makes for a heavy vehicle, compromising performance and agility. The LR3 was offered with a rear locking differential.

 

Nissan-ZEOD

Nissan-ZEOD

The Nissan ZEOD RC is a hybrid electric racing car which will compete in the 2014 24 Hours of Le Mans race.
The ZEOD RC is designed by Ben Bowlby, who previously created the 2012 Garage 56 entry DeltaWing which had also been backed by Nissan. The ZEOD RC will utilize a hybrid electric drivetrain with lithium ion battery packs in a chassis similar in design to the DeltaWing. The ACO announced during 2013 that Nissan Motor Company had been granted the Garage 56 entry for 2014. Nissan unveiled the car, known as the ZEOD RC, during the 2013 24 Hours of Le Mans weekend.

With its triangular shape and fuel-efficient powertrain, the Nissan ZEOD RC shows that racers can save the environment and capture the imagination.
Nissan first showed the ZEOD at the 2013 24 Hours of Le Mans back in June, or rather it said the car existed. Four months later, Nissan has revealed the complete car.
ZEOD stands for Zero Emissions On Demand, and Nissan hopes to campaign it at next year’s 24 Hours of Le Mans. While Nissan refers to it as an electric car, the version that will actually hit the track next year will have a 1.6-liter four-cylinder gasoline engine – based on the powerplant used in the Juke NISMO and Nissan-powered DeltaWing racer – supplemented by two electric motors.

We’ll see how this unusual racer stacks up against conventional designs at the 2014 24 Hours of Le Mans. The ZEOD will be the year’s Garage 56 entry, occupying a special spot on the grid reserved for experimental vehicles. Because of their experimental nature, Garage 56 entries are considered unofficial, and don’t compete for the podium.
The first Garage 56 entry was the DeltaWing: a Nissan-sponsored car that the ZEOD borrows heavily from. The DeltaWing reportedly performed well at the 2012 Le Mans race, but it was knocked out of contention after a Toyota TS030 Hybrid collided with it.
If the ZEOD doesn’t meet the same fate, Nissan hopes to apply its tech to a top LMP1-class car, and try for an overall victory.

 The updated Nissan ZEOD RC benefits from a more streamlined shape with optimized cooling and improved aerodynamics. Although billed as an electric vehicle and not a hybrid, the ZEOD RC pairs a 1.6-liter turbo four with a pair of electric motors. Its regenerative braking system is derived from the Leaf RC, and after 11 laps, it's said to be capable of taking another around the Circuit de la Sarthe under electric power alone, making it the first racecar capable of doing so. Nissan has further stated that it hopes the lessons it garners from this project will help in its development of a new LMP1 to challenge for overall victory at Le Mans in the near future.

 Nissan unveiled the groundbreaking, innovative ZEOD RC - the world's fastest electric racing car that will reach speeds of more than 300km/h with electric technology at the Le Mans 24 Hours.

The ZEOD RC (Zero Emission On Demand Racing Car) will make its race debut at next year's Le Mans 24 Hour. The global leader in electric vehicles for the road, Nissan will trial variants of new electric drive train technologies as part of its intended future return to LM P1 competition to challenge for overall victory at the world's most prestigious endurance race.

Nissan's invitation from the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) to compete in the 2014 Le Mans 24 Hours was announced by Nissan Chairman and CEO, Carlos Ghosn in Japan in February. The car will compete under the ACO's 'Garage 56' entry - an additional spot on the grid for vehicles that showcase new and innovative technology.

Jaguar XK

Jaguar XK

The Jaguar XKR is a grand tourer car that was launched by Jaguar Cars in 1998. The XKR started its life as the Jaguar XK8 (project code X100), which was launched in 1996 as the first generation of a new XK series. The XK8 was available in coupé or convertible body styles and with the new 4.0 litre Jaguar AJ-V8 engine. In 1998 the XKR was introduced with a supercharged version of the engine. From 2003 the engines were replaced by the 4.2 litre AJ34 engines in both the normally aspirated and supercharged versions.  

 The power packed engine of this Jaguar XK model line up is an V8 GEN III, 5.0-litre super charged petrol engine that has 8 cylinders. This commanding engine has the capacity to displace a whopping 5000cc and has been equipped with a highly acclaimed multi point fuel supply system, which further aids in generating a reasonably good fuel economy from this car. The company claims that this Jaguar XK model lineup has the capacity to churn out a moderate mileage in the range of 5 to 6 Kmpl, when driven under standard conditions within the traffic laden city roads and its by lanes. While, this same power packed engine has the ability to generate in between 11 to 12 Kmpl on the highways and the bigger roads, which is rather reasonable for such a immaculate car. This flawless Jaguar XK series have been fitted with a centrally mounted fuel tank, which can store close to 70 litres of petrol in it, which is quite big for longer drives as well.

 The company has fitted this Jaguar XK model lineup with a commanding 5.0-litre petrol engine. This influential motor has been bestowed with eight cylinders, which have been further equipped with a whopping 32 valves. This power packed engine can displace a colossal 5000cc, which is incredible and it can further produce a mind boggling 503bhp at 6000 – 6500rpm in combination with a hammering maximum torque output of 625Nm at 2500 – 5500rpm, which is astounding for the Indian road and traffic conditions.

Both the XK8 and XKR are electronically limited to a maximum of 155.4 miles per hour (250.1 km/h). The XK8 heralded a change in direction for the company, resulting in the S-Type and X-Type. The XK8 came standard with 17" alloy wheels, while 18" (Standard on the XKR), 19", and 20" wheels are available for additional cost. A navigation system and self-leveling xenon headlamps come standard with the XKR and as options for the XK8. Jaguar's Adaptive Cruise Control is an optional feature available on both models. Both come with all-leather interior, burl walnut trim, and side airbags. Jeremy Clarkson, during a Top Gear (a UK motoring magazine/TV show) test-drive, likened the interior of the original XK8 to sitting inside Blenheim Palace. In 2004 the grille design of the XKR was refreshed.
Initially the ZF 5HP24 5-speed automatic transmission was coupled to the conventionally aspirated 4.0L and a Mercedes W5A580 5-speed transmission to the Supercharged version, but in 2002 the new ZF 6HP26 6-speed automatic transmission was fitted in both versions of the 4.2L.

 

Exterior Measurements

• Width
  2028mm
• Length
  4794mm
• Height
  1322mm
• Ground clearance
  100mm

Overview

• Fuel type
  Petrol
• Mileage (Highway)
  11.6 kmpl
• Mileage (City)
  5.3 kmpl
• Fuel tank capacity
  0 litres
• Seating capacity
  2
• Transmission type
  Automatic
• Engine Displacement (cc)
  5000

Engine & Performance

• Engine description
  Jaguar XKR 5.0 LITRE V8 SUPERCHARGED PETROL
• Maximum power
  542bhp@6000-6500rpm
• Maximum torque
  680Nm@2500-5500rpm
• No. of cylinders
  8
• Valves per cylinder
  4

 

Jaguar-F

Jaguar-F

The Jaguar F-Type is a two-seat sports car, based on a shortened platform of the XK convertible, produced by Jaguar Cars from 2013.
The F-Type was developed under the project code "X152". A similarly sized concept car, the C-X16, was shown at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2011.
The car was launched initially as a soft-top convertible, with a coupe version expected to be launched in 2014.

Production model

Jaguar F-Type unveiled at the Paris Auto Show 2012

The Jaguar F-Type convertible was officially launched at the 2012 Paris Motor Show.

Chassis

The F-Type uses an all-aluminium chassis, sound and vibration insulation is provided by the addition of a special underbody tray and engine mounts, and a double bulkhead between the engine bay and passenger compartment. The convertible roof is an electrically operated retractable fabric hood. Jaguar says by eschewing metal it can keep the car’s centre of gravity low, while a Thinsulate layer means thermal and sound insulation is akin to a solid roof.

Powertrain

The entry-level F-Type uses Jaguar’s new 3.0-litre V6 supercharged petrol engine, good for 340 PS (250 kW; 340 hp), 0 to 60 mph (0 to 97 km/h) in 5.1 seconds, and a top speed of 161 mph (259 km/h). In the middle comes the F-Type S, with the same engine tuned for 380 PS (280 kW; 370 hp), a top speed of 171 mph (275 km/h), and 0 to 60  mph in 4.8 seconds. The top of the range model is the V8S, with Jaguar’s 5.0-litre, 495 PS (364 kW; 488 hp) supercharged petrol engine. The layout is front-engined, rear-wheel-drive. The gearbox is an eight-speed automatic with paddle-shifters offering manual override. There is a mechanical limited-slip differential on the V6 S and an electronic limited-slip differential on the V8.

Suspension

The F-Type has double-wishbone front and rear suspension with adaptive dampers and adjustable suspension settings to allow the driver to tweak ride and handling. Jaguar F-Type has a total of 25 different driving modes programmed to suit different road conditions and driving styles.

Interior

The Jaguar F-Type interior has a two-seater setup with the leather interior and control buttons finished in aluminium. There is a touchscreen display in the centre console and another TFT display between the dials in the instrument panel. There is also a choice of flat-bottom or alcantara finish for the three-spoke steering wheel and buttons finished in soft-feel matt black.

Equipment

Jaguar has introduced a stop-start engine shutoff function, which Jaguar claims boosts economy by 5 per cent.
The F-Type has bi-xenon headlights with integrated LED daytime running lights, along with full LED lighting at the rear. The S and V8S versions get an “active exhaust system” which opens special valves over 3,000 rpm to intensify the sound profile.
There is a retractable rear wing spoiler and door handles that are left hidden with the bodywork until needed. The fabric hood raises or lowers in 12 seconds, and can be used when the car is moving at up to 48 km/h (30 mph).
The audio systems offered, use Meridian technology with either 380 W spread across ten speakers or 770 W across twelve speakers.

 

Model	Years	Engine type	Power	Torque	Emissions (CO2)
3.0-litre supercharged V6 petrol	2013–	2,995 cc (183 cu in) (AJ126)	340 PS (250 kW; 335 hp) @ 6,500 rpm	450 N·m (330 lb·ft) @ 3,500–5,000 rpm	209g/km
3.0-litre supercharged V6 petrol	2013–	2,995 cc (183 cu in) (AJ126)	380 PS (279 kW; 375 hp) @ 6,500 rpm	460 N·m (340 lb·ft) @ 3,500–5,000 rpm	213g/km
5.0-litre supercharged V8 petrol	2013–	5,000 cc (305 cu in) (AJ133)	495 PS (364 kW; 488 hp) @ 6,500 rpm	625 N·m (461 lb·ft) @ 2,500–5,500 rpm	259g/km

Infiniti-FX

Infiniti-FX

The nameplates FX35 and FX45 refer to the two available engines. The FX35 is available in two drivetrains, the RWD and the AWD, which are both fitted to a dual overhead cam 3.5-liter 24-valve V6 VQ35DE gasoline engine, with aluminum-alloy block and heads, electronically controlled throttle system, and low-friction molybdenum-coated pistons that makes use of the continuous variable valve timing which in part optimizes the opening of intake valves. This is also coupled with an electronically controlled super-wide ratio five-speed automatic with a manumatic shift mode that includes the option of sequentially selected manual gearshifts and downshift rev matching.
The FX45 incorporates a 4.5-liter (4,494 cc) 32-valve V8 DOHC VK45DE gasoline engine with four valves per cylinder, microfinished camshafts with aluminum-alloy block and heads, low-friction molybdenum-coated pistons, titanium intake and exhaust valves, modular cylinder heads, microfinished crankshaft, lightweight pistons, super-silent single stage cam drive chain, and a Continuously Variable Valve Timing Control System that optimizes opening of intake valves. Development began in 1999 under newly appointed CEO Carlos Ghosn's NRP. Design work was completed in rapid succession in early 2001, for late 2002 production. Designed in 2000 under the "Bionic Cheetah" theme, the 2001 Infiniti FX45 Concept was introduced at the NAIAS in January 2001 to publicly "test the waters" of a sports-crossover. From mid-2001, a new concept based on the production design was developed and completed in late 2001. Sketches were first released in late November 2001. The second-generation 2002 FX45 Concept was introduced in January 2002 at the NAIAS '02 as a thinly-veiled production FX(S50) and planned production was announced for early 2003. In January 2003, the 2003 FX45 made its debut at the 2003 NAIAS and went on sale January 24, 2003.

 The Infiniti QX70 (called the Infiniti FX from 2003 through 2013) is a mid-size luxury crossover SUV produced by the Nissan-owned Infiniti luxury vehicle brand since the 2003 model year. The FX replaced the QX4 as Infiniti's mid-size luxury-type SUV, although the QX4 was smaller than the FX. It was released at the same time as its competitors, the Porsche Cayenne and Volvo XC90. It shares the same FM platform as the rear-wheel drive Nissan 370Z, and it "made no claims of climbing mountains...Rather, its aggressive shape promised style and quick handling, whereas the similarly sized Nissan Murano is based on the same D platform as the front-wheel drive Nissan Altima. The FX and QX56, whose platform is shared with the Nissan Armada, are not sold in Japan.

 he FX series was updated for 2006 with new options and standard features. The updates included an exterior facelift with new grille, bumper, wheel design and three new exterior colors, and inside a revised center console with new color screen. Many features previously optional were made standard, including the 300-watt Bose audio system, RearView Monitor, 7-inch color display, Advanced Air Bag System (AABS), leather seating surfaces with heated front seats, ten-way power driver’s seat with power lumbar support and eight-way power passenger’s seat.
The FX45 featured additional upgrades, including new 20-inch wheels, leather-appointed seats, a revised sport-tuned four-wheel independent suspension with new dampers, a Bluetooth system, and the Premium Package became standard..

FX35:

• 0-60 mph (97 km/h): 7.1 seconds
• 0-100 mph (160 km/h): 17.5
• 1/4 mile: 15.5 seconds at 91.0 mph (146.5 km/h)
• 200 ft (61 m) Skidpad: .79 g
• Top speed: 137 mph (220 km/h) (drag limited)

FX45:

• 0-60 mph (97 km/h): 6.3 seconds
• 0-100 mph (160 km/h): 16.5 seconds
• 1/4 mile: 14.8 seconds at 95.1 mph (153.0 km/h)
• 200 ft (61 m) Skidpad: .82 g
• Top speed: 145 mph (233 km/h) (electronically limited)

The redesigned 2009 Infiniti FX was officially unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show on March 4, 2008, and went on sale in June 2008. The V6 model is still called the FX35 with the VQ35HR V6, however the V8 model has been renamed FX50 in recognition of its 5-liter engine with the newly developed VK50VE.
The exterior retains some of the first generation's "Bionic Cheetah" look and "giant scarab" profile, while incorporating new styling cues. Some of the most distinct features of the new FX are the longer, sharklike sculpted headlights, a large trapezoidal grille filled with horizontal dark-chrome waves, and completely functional side air vents. The overall size and dimensions of the new model, both external and internal, remain similar to the previous model.
The interior was completely redesigned to bring the FX up to the level of luxury found inside of other Infiniti models like the G37 and EX35. Features include stitched leather seats, stained maple wood or piano black finishes, and matte-finish surfaces.

Model	Years	Type/code	Power, torque@rpm
FX35	2009-	3,498 cc (213.5 cu in) V6 (VQ35HR)	303 hp (226 kW; 307 PS)@6800, 36.2 kg·m (355 N·m; 262 lb·ft)@4800
FX37	2009-	3,696 cc (225.5 cu in) V6 (VQ37VHR)	320 hp (239 kW; 324 PS)@7000, 36.7 kg·m (360 N·m; 265 lb·ft)@5200
FX50	2009-	5,026 cc (306.7 cu in) V8 (VK50VE)	390 hp (291 kW; 395 PS)@6500, 51.0 kg·m (500 N·m; 369 lb·ft)@4400

diesel engines

Model	Years	Type/code	Power, torque@rpm
FX30d	2010-	2,993 cc (182.6 cu in) V6 (V9X)	240 hp (179 kW; 243 PS)@3750, 56.1 kg·m (550 N·m; 406 lb·ft)@1750

Cadillac-CTS_Coupe

Cadillac-CTS_Coupe

The Cadillac CTS is a mid-size luxury car manufactured by the Cadillac division of General Motors. The CTS is currently available in three body styles: 4-door sedan, 2-door coupe, and 5-door sport wagon. Cadillac introduced the CTS in 2002 as a sports sedan, succeeding the Cadillac Catera. The CTS and the supercharged CTS-V variant have been named to the Car and Driver 10 Best list for three consecutive years.
Wayne Cherry and Kip Wasenko designed the exterior of the first generation CTS and this vehicle marked the production debut of the "Art and Science" design language first seen on the Evoq concept car. Bob Boniface and Robin Krieg designed the exterior of the third generation CTS.

What's New for 2012

The 2012 Cadillac CTS gets an additional 12 horsepower, along with a slightly revised grille, active front head restraints, standard Bluetooth, an optional blind-spot warning system and an optional heated steering wheel.

Introduction

The 2012 Cadillac CTS Coupe grabs your attention like few cars can. It's muscular, edgy, aggressive and in your face. Yet there's still refined sophistication thanks to its chrome trim, classy interior and unmistakable Cadillac design cues. Now, this is usually where we'd say, "It's more than just a pretty face." But the truth is, the CTS Coupe suffers for its good looks. There are significant functional trade-offs even compared to other luxury coupes, and the CTS's performance isn't as lively as you'd think.

Interior Features

Front Seats

8 -way power passenger seat	8 -way power driver seat
Height adjustable driver seat	Height adjustable passenger seat
Leatherette	Bucket front seats

Rear Seats

Split-folding rear seatback

Rear ventilation ducts

Power Features

Remote power door locks	Power mirrors
Heated mirrors	2 one-touch power windows

 At the 2008 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, General Motors unveiled a coupe concept version of the CTS, alongside the new CTS-V performance sedan. The coupe's unveiling surprised the media and general public, stealing a great deal of attention away from the CTS-V. In November 2009, the production version was unveiled in a press release. The coupe went into production in spring 2010 for sale in August 2010 as a 2011 model. The design of the production model is very similar to the concept, with the B-pillars still removed. The standard engine will be a 3.6L direct injected V6 rated at 304 hp. Like the sedan, both six-speed manual and automatic transmissions, in either RWD or AWD configurations, will be available. A CTS-V Coupe has also been confirmed, and was shown at the 2010 North American International Auto Show in Detroit. The CTS Coupe will be Cadillac's first coupe since the Eldorado, which was discontinued in 2002.

Exterior Measurements

WIDTH 6 ft. 2.1 in. (74.1 in.)	HEIGHT 4 ft. 8 in. (56 in.)
LENGTH 15 ft. 8.5 in. (188.5 in.)	FRONT TRACK 5 ft. 2 in. (62 in.)
REAR TRACK 5 ft. 3 in. (63 in.)	WHEEL BASE 9 ft. 5.4 in. (113.4 in.)

Interior Measurements

FRONT HEAD ROOM 36.9 in.	FRONT HIP ROOM 54.5 in.
FRONT LEG ROOM 42.4 in.	FRONT SHOULDER ROOM 56.0 in.
REAR HIP ROOM 47.7 in.	REAR HEAD ROOM 34.6 in.
REAR LEG ROOM 35.0 in.	REAR SHOULDER ROOM 50.9 in.

Fuel

ENGINE TYPE Gas	FUEL TYPE Regular unleaded
FUEL TANK CAPACITY 18.0 gal.	RANGE IN MILES (CTY/HWY) 324.0/486.0 mi.
EPA MILEAGE EST. (CTY/HWY) 18/27 mpg

Weights and Capacities

EPA INTERIOR VOLUME 97.1 cu.ft.	GROSS WEIGHT 4792 lbs.
CURB WEIGHT 3898 lbs.	CARGO CAPACITY, ALL SEATS IN PLACE 10.5 cu.ft.

DriveTrain

DRIVE TYPE Rear wheel drive

TRANSMISSION 6-speed shiftable automatic

Engine & Performance

BASE ENGINE SIZE 3.6 L	CAM TYPE Double overhead cam (DOHC)
CYLINDERS V6	VALVES 24
VALVE TIMING Variable	TORQUE 275 ft-lbs. @ 4900 rpm
HORSEPOWER 318 hp @ 6800 rpm	TURNING CIRCLE 35.4 ft.

Suspension

Short and long arm front suspension	Multi-link rear suspension
Four-wheel independent suspension	Front and rear stabilizer bar

Warranty

BASIC 4 yr./ 50000 mi.	DRIVETRAIN 6 yr./ 70000 mi.
FREE MAINTENANCE 4 yr./ 50000 mi.	ROADSIDE 6 yr./ 70000 mi.
RUST 4 yr./ 50000 mi.

Ferrari-California

Ferrari-California

The Ferrari California is a grand touring sports car produced by the Italian manufacturer Ferrari. It is a two door "2+2" hard top convertible. The California is powered by front-mid mounted gasoline direct injection 4.3 L (260 cu in) V8 with 460 PS (338 kW; 454 hp). The car revives the "California" name used for the late-1950s Ferrari 250 GT.
The California was launched at the 2008 Paris Motor Show. According to industry rumors, the California originally started as a concept for a new Maserati, but the resulting expense to produce the car led the Fiat Group to badge it as a Ferrari in order to justify the high cost of purchase; the company denies this, however. The California represents a new, fourth model range for the company.
The California is built in a new production line adjacent to the existing factory at Maranello. The existing production line produces 27 cars per day, or 6,000 per year.

The California represents a number of firsts for Ferrari:

• The first front engined Ferrari with a V8
• The first to feature a 7-speed dual-clutch transmission
• The first with a folding metal roof
• The first with multi-link rear suspension
• The first with direct petrol injection

Bosch produced the direct injection system. The engine displaces 4,297 cubic centimetres (262.2 cubic inches) and delivers 338 kW (453 bhp) at 7,750 rpm; its maximum torque produced is 485 N·m (358 lbf·ft) at 5,000 rpm. The resulting 80 kW (107 bhp) per litre of engine displacement is one of the highest for a naturally aspirated engine, as other manufacturers have used supercharging or turbocharging to reach similar power levels. The next version of the California has a high possibility of being turbocharged.
The body computer system was developed by Magneti Marelli Automotive Lighting

Performance

The California has a top speed of 310 km/h (193 mph) and it can accelerate from zero to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.9 seconds. Although 180 kilograms (397 lb) heavier and 30 PS (22 kW; 30 hp) less powerful than the mid-engined F430, the California reaches 97 km/h (60 mph) in the same time as the F430 due to the dual-clutch transmission.

Aerodynamics

Ferrari spent over 1,000 hours in the wind tunnel with a one-third-scale model of the California perfecting its aerodynamics. With the top up, the California has a drag coefficient of Cd=0.32, making it the most aerodynamic Ferrari ever made until the introduction of the Ferrari F12 Berlinetta.

 On 15 February 2012, Ferrari announced an upgrade of the 2009 model which includes weight loss and engine tuning. Ferrari reduced 30 kg (66 lb) from the body to enhance performance whilst still keeping the car a coupe convertible GT with four seats. Ferrari has also tuned the engine for greater performance levels with an increased power output of 30 PS. As a result, the GDI V8 engine delivers 490 PS (360 kW; 480 hp) and an additional 15 N·m (11 lbf·ft) of torque at 5,000 rpm. Its acceleration reduced its 0–100 km/h time from 3.9 seconds to 3.8. The new California is also the first to receive the Handling Speciale Package, which includes Delphi MagneRide magnetorheological dampers which increase the steering response by 10% along with stiffer springs and a faster ECU with 50% faster response time. The package also minimises body roll and increases the response of driver inputs. The car was released at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show as a 2012 model in Europe and as a 2013 model year for the US.